TRPV1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: Our data showing that pan-neuronal TRPV1 knockdown reverses the upregulation of IL-10 and downregulation of IL-6 (Fig. 4A), and that mice with peripheral neuronal TRPV1 knockdown retain their sensitivity to the anti-inflammatory effects of OLDA (Fig. 4B), support the conclusion that TRPV1-expressing neurons of the CNS, not the PNS, mediate OLDA’s anti-inflammatory effects in endotoxemia.