Taken together, the transient nature of Snca mRNA reduction observed with the single dosing paradigm combined with no detectable reductions in α-syn protein in any paradigm induced by the β2AR agonist clenbuterol, raises questions of whether β2AR agonists would provide any long-term benefits as a risk decreasing or disease-modifying therapy for PD. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.