Unlike in the current study, the mean abundance of kininogen-1 (three fragments) and a fragment of plasma kallikrein-sensitive glycoprotein (inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, ITIH4) were increased by 30–50% in T1DM patients who were at risk of early progressive renal function decline, compared to those with normal renal function. This evidence concerns the gene ITIH4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.