Emerging studies also indicate that GSDME expression in cancer cells can in some [105], but not all [122], situations enhance anti-tumor immune responses to limit tumor growth, or can drive neutrophil IL-1β release and pyroptosis downstream of RIPK1 and caspase-3 activation to protect the host from infection by the gram negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia [123]. This evidence concerns the gene GSDME and infection.