The localization of brain atrophy in T2DM to the ventral striatum, followed by the cerebellum, may reflect the fact that these two brain regions contain the densest concentrations of insulin-dependent GLUT-4 (El Messari et al., 2002; Kobayashi et al., 1996; El Messari et al., 1998; Vannucci et al., 1998) compared to non-insulin-dependent isoforms GLUT-1 and GLUT-3. Here, INS is linked to Brain atrophy.