Thiamine (vitamin B1) protects vascular endothelial and retinal cells from harmful advanced glycation endproducts.27 The vitamins B2, B6, folate, and B12 are important co-factors for converting Hcy into methionine, improving insulin resistance, lowering blood pressure, and enhancing DNA methylation.28 Removing folic acid and boosting L-methylfolate intake increases CNS and retinal active L-methylfolate, lowers Hcy, and decreases oxidative stress, thus reversing the downstream metabolic effects of the MTHFR polymorphisms.26 Vitamin D enhances L-methylfolate uptake. This evidence concerns the gene MTHFR and Insulin resistance.