After adjusting for sex, age, diabetes, CVD, systolic blood pressure, blood Alb, 4hD/Pcr factors, and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a high OH level [odds ratio (OR) = 1.862, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.353–2.668, P < 0.001] and a low Hb level (OR = 0.845, 95% CI: 0.721–0.980, P = 0.008) to be independent risk factors for LVF (Table 2). Here, ALB is linked to diabetes mellitus.