S100A4 and atrial fibrillation: Through comparative analysis of gene sequencing data from patients with AF and healthy individuals with sinus rhythm, we found that CXCR4, CHGB, IGFBP3, TYROBP, APOE, C1QC, SNAI2, CSNK2A1, S100A4 and VCAN were significantly more highly expressed in patients with AF.