The rates of positivity for autoantibodies associated with pSS, such as anti-SSB [13 (20.3%) vs. 5 (6.6%), P=0.016] and anti-Ro52 [37 (61.7%) vs. 18 (23.7%), P<0.001] but not anti-SSA (60 kD), anti-ENA, or anti-Sm antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients without ILD. This evidence concerns the gene ENAH and peeling skin syndrome.