However, there was a significant decrease in VEGF methylation in the GBM BVZ subtype compared to the control subtype (p = 0.005, case = 284), and there were no significant differences in VEGFB and VEGFC, as shown in Fig. 3D. This may contribute to differences in survival and BVZ response between these two GBM subtypes. Here, VEGFB is linked to glioblastoma.