TP53 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In this study, we used inhalable gene drugs, spray freeze-dried (SFD)-p16 or SFD-p53, which contain the tumor suppressor genes p16INK4a or p53, respectively, to evaluate gene expression after transfection in NSCLC (A549 and H1299) and MPM (H2052) cell lines, as frequent mutations of p16INK4a and p53 have been reported in MPM and NSCLC16–19.