Some small molecules, including small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) molecules, can regulate autophagy through mTOR-dependent or independent pathways [18, 19], and are shown a protective effect in neurodegenerative disease models [20, 21], suggesting the mTOR pathway is one of the most promising targets for AD treatment via regulating autophagy [22]. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and neurodegenerative disease.