Previous studies have reported several inflammatory mediators involved in the development and progression of NAFLD, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (8–10). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.