In the subgroup analyses of diagnostic methods for NAFLD and measuring methods for inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6 were associated with NAFLD among studies with diagnosis by liver biopsy, and CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were associated with NAFLD among studies with measurement by ELISA (Table 2 and Supplementary Table 6). Here, CRP is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.