In this study, we also found that the PTC-injured and part of PTC-new cells expressed a high level of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signatures such as Cxcl10, Cxlc1, Nfkbia, Nfkbib, Nfkb1, Nfkb2, and Col18a1 (Figure 2B) Also, the portion of PTC-injured and PTC-S1-new cells elevated in the kidney along with AKI, indicated that pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic PTCs subtypes expanded in AKI. Here, COL18A1 is linked to acute kidney injury.