Based on our results showing an increased number of lung neutrophils in ethanol-exposed infected animals observed by flow cytometry, we evaluated pulmonary expression of the chemokine genes Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Cxcl12, important neutrophil chemoattractants and activators produced during the inflammatory response to infection (26, 46). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and infection.