However, TNFSF12 could also induce multiple pathways of cell death, including caspase-dependent apoptosis, cathepsin B–dependent necrosis, and endogenous TNF-alpha–mediated cell death, in a cell type–specific manner (Nakayama et al., 2003; Ikner and Ashkenazi, 2011), and studies have shown that TNFSF12 could promote cell death in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Kaplan et al., 2002), human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (Kawakita et al., 2005), and human breast adenocarcinoma cells (Marsters et al., 1998). Here, TNFSF12 is linked to colon adenocarcinoma.