For example, COL4A3 was downregulated and positively correlated with better prognosis in lung, colon, bladder, salivary gland, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancers (Orth et al., 1977; Alampi et al., 1989; Karja et al., 1995; Metodieva et al., 2011; Deng et al., 2014; Liang et al., 2020), while other studies reported that patients with higher expression of COL4A3 had a significantly worse OS in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) (Siamakpour-Reihani et al., 2015) and gastric carcinoma (Nie et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene COL4A3 and gastric carcinoma.