In C3 (curated gene sets), the significantly enriched gene sets positively correlated with the RA group were CD40 signaling up (NES = 2.38, FDR = 6.16 × 10−9) and Th1 cytotoxic module (NES = 2.50, FDR = 6.16 × 10−9) (Figure 2A). Here, CD40 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.