ERAP1 and cancer: The previous studies have shown that ERAP1 is dysregulated in autoimmune diseases (Burton et al., 2007), cancer (Wearsch and Cresswell, 2008; Cifaldi et al., 2011; James et al., 2013; Koumantou et al., 2019), and several types of viral disease including HIV (Tenzer et al., 2009), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (York et al., 2006), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (Kim et al., 2011).