CD68 and kidney disorder: In a study of 204 patients with IgAN, the presence of CD68+ (a marker of pan-macrophage or M1 type) macrophages was positively correlated with the following: Serum creatinine at the time of biopsy, proteinuria, progression of renal disease, and a worse disease outcome (Myllymaki et al., 2007; Soares et al., 2019).