IRAK1 and atrial fibrillation: Firstly, western blotting results uncovered that the levels of p-IRAK1 and p-TAK1 were memorably elevated in Ox-LDL group versus that in control group, while this elevation of p-IRAK1 and p-TAK1 expressions mediated by Ox-LDL could be partially reversed by AF in HUVECs, especially 100 μM AF (Figure 2(a)).