HMGB1 and viral infectious disease: Endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), released from dying or lytic cells during host tissue injury, or viral infection, exacerbate the stimulation of TLR4, thus generating acute or chronic sterile inflammations (Turner 2016; Cruz et al., 2018; Land 2020).