TNF and arthritic joint disease: Animal experiments have found that HGWD can inhibit the expression of serum pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in adjuvant arthritis rats and serum IL-20 and other inflammatory cytokines in CIA rats with collagen-induced arthritis (Liu et al., 2017; Xu et al., 2007), thereby alleviating chronic synovial inflammation in different rat models of arthritis.