CSF2 and neoplasm: Emerging evidence indicates GM-CSF acting as a tumor-driver in some cases by promoting tumor growth and progression in multiple cancer types, such as meningiomas, gliomas, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and so on (Pei et al., 1999; Obermueller et al., 2004; Gutschalk et al., 2006; Uemura et al., 2006; Hong, 2016; Sielska et al., 2020).