Additionally, capsaicin-induced a G0/G1 phase arrest in oral cancer cells through the reduction of cyclin-D (CCND), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), and an increase in the levels of p21 and p16 (Ip et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene CDK2 and lip and oral cavity carcinoma.