Thus, ICT regulates multiple biological functions of different immune cells and tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell growth, inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, and inhibiting the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 (Mo et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.