TGFB1 and cancer: Specifically, patients with a high EMD score showed activation of multiple pathways (EMT, TGF-β, and Hedgehog), elevated stromal scores, high abundance of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) and mast cells, whereas those with a low EMD score showed low MHC-I expression, low infiltration of activated CD4+ T cells, and low M1/M2 ratio.