Signaling pathways that are associated with the pathophysiology of macular degeneration such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which is stimulated by mitogens, hormones, growth factors, cytokines, oxidative stress (Kyosseva, 2016), and the transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), regulates genes involved in the oxidative stress response (He et al., 2020). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is macular degeneration.