VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: Investigations of IL-33 in atherosclerosis revealed that this cytokine stimulates the expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM1, ICAM1 and E-selectin as well as the expression of CCL2 in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner resulting in increased leukocyte adhesion (Figure 1; Table 3) (108).