IGF1 and colonic neoplasm: Also consistent with our mouse models, CAF2 analogs expressed a rich set of signaling regulators including CXCL12, GREM1, IGF1, IL11, and WNT5A, with a subset of cells co-expressing WNT5A and GREM1 and another subset co-expressing CXCL12 and IGF1. These results validate the existence of CAF subpopulations in human CRCs correspond to those found in mouse colonic tumors.