INS and hyperinsulinism: Our results on the effects of ageing on insulin action and secretion agree with those of our previous work (Guarino et al., 2013) in which we showed that animals aged 12 and 24 months exhibited insulin resistance together with hyperinsulinemia and with several animal (Reaven et al., 1983; Escrivá et al., 2007; Marmentini et al., 2021) and human (Minaker et al., 1982; Fink et al., 1985; Chang and Halter, 2003) studies showing that insulin secretion, insulin clearance, and the interaction between insulin and its target tissues are defective in elderly individuals.