TACR1 and gallbladder cancer: A previous study found that inhibition of the NK-1R/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway could eliminate the proliferative effect of SP on gallbladder cancer [29], suggesting that NK-1R exerts a major effect on tumor growth via Akt/NF-κB. The findings in that study were consistent with those in our present study, in which SP significantly promoted the NK-1R/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.