In arteriovenous malformation caused by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, shear stress stimulates type I/II serine/threonine kinase receptor (ALKs) on the endothelial cell surface and regulates interaction between the receptor and bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10 (BMP9 and BMP10). Here, GDF2 is linked to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.