Similarly, although ICCs harbour a relatively low TMB (median, 1.9/Mb; range, 0.5–11.0/Mb) [8], some studies have reported increased density of CD8+ TILs in ICCs [9–12], and RNA sequencing analysis have revealed that one of the ICC subtypes can be characterised by immune-related pathways [13]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.