CCA organoids were not able to retain their 3D morphology in TM (Supplementary Fig. S1A), while CD4+ and CD8+ T cells displayed reduced proliferation (Ki-67+ cells) and activation (HLA-DR+ cells) when cultured in OM (CD4+ Ki-67+ 8.6% in OM+ vs 47.7% in TM+, p < 0.001 and HLA-DR+ 1.7 vs 12.8%, p < 0.001; CD8+ Ki-67+ 1.1 vs 46.8%, p < 0.001 and HLA-DR+ 0.6 vs 13.4%, p < 0.001) (Fig. 1c). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.