IGFBP-1, a secreted phosphoprotein, is generally highly phosphorylated and inhibitory to IGF action; however a hypophosphorylated form of IGFBP-1 can potentiate IGF-1-mediated cell proliferation [17], and IGFBP-1 is known from non-cancer studies to promote migration through integrin signaling [37]. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and cancer.