HOTAIR and renal cell carcinoma: For example, the clinical relevance of a HOTAIR-IGFBP-2 pathway in renal cell carcinoma is demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier analyses showing decreased cancer-specific survival associated with high expression of both HOTAIR and IGFBP-2, with lowest survival when both are high; plus HOTAIR and IGFBP-2 colocalization in tissue sections, and a significant correlation between tissue HOTAIR and IGFBP-2 expression [48].