IGFBP3 and neoplasm: In contrast to many studies in which IGFBP-3 is tumor-suppressive, IGFBP-3 seems to act as an oncogene in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), in which low expression of miR-186 is proposed to increase metastasis through the upregulation of IGFBP-3 and several other metastatic genes [59].