GPX4 and liver dysplastic nodule: The downregulation of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 affects GSH synthesis by decreasing the absorption of cystine mediated by system XC ̄, leading to a decline in GPX4 activity, an impairment in cell antioxidant capacities, lipid ROS accumulation, and ultimately the occurrence of oxidative damage in renal endothelial cells, thereby accelerating the progression of DN (Zhang and Li 2022; Singh et al. 2011).