The improved discrimination of evidence for acute JE in patient samples gave rise to further work developing the widely used anti-JEV IgM ELISA.50,51 However, with evidence suggesting suboptimal performance of MAC-ELISA,12 the increasing use of the JEV vaccine, as well as hyperendemicity of DENV serotypes, the requirement for accurate diagnostic confirmation becomes even more pertinent. Here, CD40LG is linked to Japanese encephalitis.