C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: C9ORF72 transcript and protein levels are downregulated in frontal cortices and cerebelli of C9ORF72 familial cases of ALS patients (DeJesus-Hernandez et al., 2011; Gijselinck et al., 2012; Belzil et al., 2013; Waite et al., 2014) and methylation inhibition of the chromatin lysine residues decreases methylation at the repeat region and restores C9ORF72 transcript levels in patient fibroblast cell lines (DeJesus-Hernandez et al., 2011; Gijselinck et al., 2012; Belzil et al., 2013).