The development of cardiac hypertrophy is accompanied by an overproduction of the lipid peroxidation byproduct 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), which promotes the formation of HNE-LKB1 adducts, resulting in inhibition of LKB1 phosphorylation (Dolinsky et al., 2009). Here, STK11 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.