For instance, in a comprehensive transcriptional study of 675 human cancer cell lines, pathway-based mutation aggregation demonstrated that the p53 pathway (a tumor suppressor upstream of intrinsic apoptosis that responds to intracellular stressors) was the most universally dysregulated pathway across cancer types (152) and these results were recapitulated in a genomic profiling cohort containing over 18,000 adult cancers (153). Here, TP53 is linked to cancer.