HIF1A and pachyonychia congenita: The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) pathway is a crucial regulator of cellular adaptation of PC cells to hypoxia, and its abnormal activity may induce tumorigenesis and development of PC by promoting uncontrolled survival and growth, metabolic reprogramming, desmoplasia, immune evasion, autophagy, EMT, invasion and metastasis, stem-like tumorigenicity, angiogenesis, and radioresistance and chemoresistance of PC cells [157, 158].