In contrary, two distinct groups of cells were more prevalent in CVID, a group of highly differentiated classical exhausted cells with high FES lacking signs of ongoing activation and production of cytokines and a group of highly activated and proliferating cells with immunoregulatory features such as the production of IL-10 and expression of CXCR5 and higher average expression of FoxP3. Here, CXCR5 is linked to common variable immunodeficiency.