The enhanced tumor accumulation of Cal/ICG@MPs was further confirmed by the higher in vivo photothermal efficacy in stroma-rich H22 tumor-bearing mice constructed by co-injection of H22 cells and TGF-β-activated skin fibroblasts (Fig. 4g, h) or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs, Supplementary Fig. 26a, b), as well as stroma-rich 4T1 tumor-bearing mice constructed by co-injection of 4T1 cells and TGF-β-activated skin fibroblasts (Supplementary Fig. 27a, b), as evidenced by a maximal temperature in tumor tissues of Cal/ICG@MPs-treated group upon 808 nm laser irradiation for 10 min. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.