Host cells were pretreated with 4μ8C (50 μM) 1 hr before and during infection; CFUs of the infected cells were determined at the indicated h.p.i. (N) CFU assays for Bm16M infection of BMDMs from WT and Xbp1 knockout (ΔXbp1) mice at the indicated h.p.i. CFU assay for Bm16M intracellular survival in spleen (O) or liver (P) in WT or ΔXbp1 mice at 14 dpi. Here, XBP1 is linked to infection.