MAPK9 and neoplasm: Fourth, while our whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed several mutations in genes associated with CRC in the two tumor samples taken from sham-inoculated Apcmin/+Msh2fl/flVC mice (Mapk9, Fos, Tgfbr1), these mutations were all located in regulatory regions, such as the 5′ untranscribed region (UTR), 3′ UTR, and promoter, so their functional importance is difficult to ascertain (see Table S1 in the supplemental material).