IL17A and neoplasm: Extensive histopathology and immunological analyses of mouse colons post ETBF-colonization have demonstrated that tumor formation in ETBF-colonized mice is accompanied by interleukin-17 (IL-17)-dominant colon inflammation (33, 35, 37), cleavage of the colon epithelial cell (CEC) adherens junctional protein E-cadherin (38), and activation of CEC signal transduction pathways including β-catenin/Tcf, NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (22, 39, –, 41).