Macrophages promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via MT1-MMP/TGF-β1 after myocardial infarction, and CD51+ macrophages promote cancer stem cell properties through the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 axis in pancreatic cancer [36,37]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.