Tax protein and viral transcripts of tax, env, and HBZ have been described in EVs derived from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HAM/TSP, as well as from the culture supernatant of infected cell lines (Jaworski et al., 2014; Anderson et al., 2018; Pinto et al., 2019). The gene discussed is CNTN2; the disease is tropical spastic paraparesis.