Several checkpoint molecules, including IFNG, TNFRSF9, CTLA4, CD86, TIM-3, and PD-L2, had significantly increased expression in the low-E-score group, and their effects on T-cell dysfunction and immune escape have been verified in AML (Hobo et al., 2018; Kikushige, 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF9 and acute myeloid leukemia.