Combination approaches currently in clinical development include increasing the neoantigen quantity (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy and epigenetic modulation mechanisms), altering the neoantigen quality (e.g., neoantigen vaccine, tumor-associated antigen vaccine), and improving antigen presentation and/or T-cell priming (e.g., DC vaccine, oncolytic virus, anti-CTLA4 ICI, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.