However, previous studies showed that ﻿IRAKM in monocytes was a key inhibitor of inflammation in obesity and metabolic syndrome of human subjects, and IRAKM deficiency in ﻿nonobese diabetic mice ﻿enhanced activation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells to promote development of type 1 diabetes39,40. Here, IRAK3 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.